Machine for filing or smoothing the teeth osi saws



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Toja View UNTEY STATES PATENT OFFTCE.

ELEAZER CARVER, OF BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS.

MACHINE FOR FILING OR SMOOTHING THE TEETH OF SAWS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 1,718, dated August 12, 1840.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, ELEAZER CARVER, of Bridgewater, in the county of Plymouth and Stateof Massachusetts, have invented a. new and useful Machine for Filing or Smooth ing the Teeth of Saws; and I do declare'the following to be a full and exact description thereof.

My invention consists in causing the saws which are to be filed or smoothedto pass with a regularly intermittent motion of the distance of one tooth under a tile to which a. movement is given corresponding with the motion of the saw-plate and the formof the toot-h to be tiled, and the whole so combined and arranged in its parts, that during the time in which the tile is acting upon the teeth the plate is holden steadily and without motion until the file has performed its ofhce, at the Sametime giving to the file a peculiar compound motion which may be varied so as to be accommodated to the perfect filing of any saw tooth.

My design in constructing this machine was more particularly for filing and smoothing the teeth of the saws used in the cot-tonv gins (though the same principle may be applied to the tiling and smoothing the teeth of other saws,) and I will now more particularly describe the arrangements and combination of parts which are fittedr for this purpose. They are such that the circular saw plates used in cottongins whether in whole circles or segments .are confined in a convenient position either vertical or hori- ,zontah between two strong `circular metal plates of less diameter than the saws to lbe filed. Of these metal plates one is fas,- tened permanently to a shaft which causes it and the saw plate toy revolve and the other is movable and pressed and holden upon the saw according to the form .of the saw plate to be tiled. If the sawto be tiled is a whole circle the movable plate should be whole, and be held upon the plate by means of a. nut fitted upon the shaft which gives the revolving motion, or by spring catches, or some other convenient method, as is or may be seen in the dra-wing hereto annexed. .ButI if the saw plates are in semicircular segments. the movable metal plate should be divided into two equal parts or half disks, connected together by metal straps with hinge joints at each end so that the one half may be pressed hard upon the plate vto contine it by spi-ings as inthe drawing annexed while that segment is being tiled and at the same time, the other half may be relieved or raised kto take out or admit another segment without any loss of time or stoppage of the machine. On this same shaft to which the saw plates are adjusted are two wheels which are fixed upon two horizontal i shafts parallel to each other. Of these cylinders the one has oblique threads like those p of an endless screw extending half around it, and playing into the. oblique teeth of its corresponding cog-wheel. The other cylinder has straight threads, that is, perpendicular to its axis', extending half around its circumference, but on the side opposite to that o-n which. the threads of the other cylinder are placed; these straight threads play` into the straight teeth of the other cogwheel. These ytwo cylinders are placed aboutthe middle of theirl shafts, and have an equal motion, the shaft of the onebeing turned hy the winch or handle by which thel Y machine is moved and having on it a small cog-wheel near one end of it', playing into an equal cog-wheel on the shaft of theother cylinder. ders are the saine, and the obliquityofthe thread on one is such in proportion to its The diameters of these two cylin-Y diameter,` that it will during thatuhalf'of its revolution, in which its threads play into theteeth of the oblique toothed cog-wheel turn that wheel and the shaft the distance of one tooth of the wheel, and of the spacebetween two saw teeth. The threads of that cylinder then being disengaged, from the teeth of the wheel, the straightvthreads of the other cylinder strike into the straight teeth of the straight toothed cog-wheel, and hold it, and the shaft still during the other half revolution of the two cylinders and uiitil the threads of the .oblique threadedicylinder strike again into the'teeth of the corresponding cog-wheel, and so on alternately giving to the two cog-wheels and the shaft and to the saw platean intermitting@ motion at equal intervals, each movement being ternately straight and oblique, and of the cylinder wheel let a'straight thread extend around half its circumference and an oblique thread around the other half-so thatvthe cylinder wheel as above described by working alternately in the straight and oblique teeth of the cog-wheels will givethe saine intermitting motion to the saw plate to be tiled as the apparatus before described. The operation of filing is performed by the following described Vparts of the machine i-vf the machine is constructed as in the drawing.

On the shaft of the cylinder on which are the oblique threads, andnear the two ends of it, are two eccentric cams the form of which will appear bythe drawings and of which 'the operation will be hereinafter de scribed. On these cams rest the ends of two bars which extend horizontally `backward and at right angles withthe shaft ofthe cylinders and are attached at the other ends `by a pivottoy the rear` corner posts ofthe fra-me of the machine, so'V that as the cams turn thelend ofthe bars restinguponthem nearer to that side ofthe machine ogn'which" rise and fall as the greater or less diameterV of the cam passes under them. Upon the ends of these bars which rest upon the cams are erected two upright posts withpa transverse beam across the top makinga vertical gallows frame rising ,andA .fa-lling as the cams turn. VInto thevlower side'of the trans` versebeam of this gallowsVbut somewhat the file is to be'a-pplied to the saw than tol the'other, va bar is-inserted'and made fast parallel to the two end bars of theygallows and4 extending down about lone third the lengt-h' of those bars. From the lower' end` of this short bar, another bar extends` hori` zontally to therear of the `frame and is there attached to an upright post in the-frame;

this last'bar turns on a pivot at each end making movable verticalwjoints. Directly under this bar, and parallel with it, and` at a short distance below it, another shorter bar is immovably fixed by one. end to the same upright postwhile the other end -projects forward about two thirds as far as the upper bar, this lower bar being considerably higher than the saw plate. From each of and points of suspension may be adjusted; the rods also are hungfrom the bars by a longitudinal slit in the bar 'by which the pointof suspension may be carried forward or backward for .adjustment` and confined with a screw. The rod which hangs from the upper and longer bar reaches down nearly to the level of the saw plate and the rod which hangs fromthe'lower and shorter bar reaches considerably lower j than the other and below the saw plate; to the lower ends of these two rods Vis fastened a metal bar of which one end'projects in front over the edge of the saw plate and on the under side of it is fixed by a screwby which it can be` removed' at pleasure, a triangular p-rismaticiile which operates upon the teeth of the saw. This metallic bar is fastened to the end of that` rod which hangs from the upper barbv a flatmetal spring' bent and projecting forward in a horizontal position andv firmly iXed to the foot of therod by one end, but attached` by the other end to the upper side of the metal har at a point nearer tothe saw, by a hinge joint, so that the spring may press the lile down upon the teeth of the saw. Y On' the frontend of the frame and just over the edge of the saw are of metal between which the metal bar and file pass. other end of the metal bar is about twenty degree lower than the forward end and is 'attached by a pivottothe end of the other metal rod, andfalso to the end of another shorter metal bar, vwhich runs horizontally to: the` rear of the frame. The two metal bars, and the metal rod making at this point a` movable vertical point. of this shorter met-al bar is attached by a pivot also making a'movable vertical joint to the lower end of another perpendicular bar through the `upper end of which a transverse square shaft passes having its bearings and turning on gudgeons in the two. rearposts of the frame near 'the top. This shaft passes just under the upper one of the two bars'from which the two metal rods areV suspendedand passes quitethrough and a little beyond therear post on the side of the Y frame opposite tothat to which the power is applied to move the machine. and to that projecting end of the shaft'isfixed the upperend of another perpendicular bar which hangs outside of the frame. To the lower end ofthis last bar is attached by a movable joint one end of `a horizontal bar of which the'other end is'attachedto a `crank on the end of the shaft ofthe upper cylindertov the j other end' of which. the winch is applied to move the machine. I will now describe the operation of this part of the machine which performs the filing. The turn` ing of the winch whileit Q,VeS the' intermitted motion above described `tothe saw,

Vtwo thin perpendicular and' parallel strips These serve as guidesto the file. The

The other end also turns the crank on the other end of the shaft; this by means of the parts above described causes the transverse square shaft which passes across the rear of the frame to turn a few degrees forward and backward as the crank turns; this gives an oscillating motion to the bar suspended from that shaft and also to the two metal rods; by the backward motion of the square shaft, the file is drawn back between two teeth o-f the saw and pressed down upon them b-y the spring during that half revolution of the cylinder which holds the saw plate still, and the file is then raised by the operation of the cams, and by the forward motion of the square shaft is pushed forward without touching the saw, wh-ile by the other half revolution of the cylinders the saw moves around the space of one too-th, and is ready for the next stroke of t-he file, which then by the operation of the cams fall between the two neXt teeth of the saw and is drawn back as before. The above combination gives a peculiar compound motion to the file, it being attached to the rods which are suspended from different points of motion, which points of motion may be alter-ed at pleasure, and this together with the position of the file in the file bar, it being so placed that the side of the tile next to the` shorter edge of the tooth shall be nearly at right angles with the planevof the saw, so operates that when the tile is let down by the cam upon the tooth it touches it near the point at an angle of about twenty degrees with the plane of the saw, and upon being drawn backward continually diminishes said angle and by that means follows up and between the teeth giving a slightly curvilinear form, to the longer edge of the tooth. l

l will now proceed to describe my said machine by rreference to the drawings annexed see drawing marked No. l. Z is the winch that moves the machine and turns F, Vthe shaft of the upper cylinder K, and the small cog wheel G, which turns the equal cog wheel H, which is fixed on the shaft l, of the lower cylinder K. s, t, are the straightthreads of the upper cylinder which work into the straight, teeth of the upper' large cog wheel L. 0, ZJ, are vthe oblique threads of the lower cylinder that work into the oblique teeth of the lower large cog wheel M, by which two operations the shaft N, is alternately held fast by the upper cylinder and wheel and turned by the lower cylinder and wheel giving an intermitted motion to the saw 0., 0, which is fixed on the shaft N, between the lower plate and the 4 the cams raising and letting down the galupper plate and vheld fast by the nut or spring ZL, P, l), are the cams on the upper cylinder shaft. R, R, are the horizontal bars of the gallows frame resting on the cams. S, are the upright posts, and T is the transverse beam of the gallows. U, is the short vertical bar fastened into the lower side of the beam T, into which is inserted the end of the longer horizontal bar V, from which hangs the metal rod W, having at the top thescrew fw, to regulate the length of the rod, and the nut x, to fasten it when adjusted. a, is an upright piece of metal bent over at the top attached to the bar V, by the screw b, which passes through the longitudinal slit c, in the bar, and a vertical slit (Z, inthe piece a, by which the rod may be adjusted either by raising or lowering it, or by moving it from front to rear. f, is the fiat vspring by which the rod W, is attached to the metal bar g, which carries the ile Z1. z' is the hinge joint, by which the spring is connected with the metal bar g.k y', are screws bywhich the tile is confined in its place. Z is the other metal rod, which is hung from the bar m, by another upright piece of metal a, by the screw p. This piece of metal n, is doubled over at the top so as to embrace the top of the rod Z, and is attached to the short horizontal bar m, by the screw 79, which passes through a longitudinal slit o, in the bar, and a vertical slit in the piece a, so as to allow the rod to be adjusted raising or lowering it or by moving it from front to rear. s, is the vertical joint at the other end of the rod Z, by which it is connected with the Ele bar g, and the horizontal metal bar t. u, is the oscillating bar into which the end of the short metal bar is inserted by a vertical joint V, o. Y is the square transverse shaft on which the oscillating bar u, is hung. e is the bar that hangs from the end of that shaft outside the frame to the lower end of which bar the horizontal bar l is attached by the vertical joint 2. The other end of the bar 1,'is attached by the screw 3, 3, to thecranke, which -is on the end of the shaft F, of the upper cylinder. So-that the winch Z thus turns the two cylinders K K, by which the intermitted motion is communicated to the large cog wheels L, M, and to the saw plate O. At the same time, the cams on the up- -yper cylinder shaft raise and let fall alternately the gallows frame which by means of l the rod VV., raises and lowers alternately' the file bar and file. lZ, turns the crank e, on the other end of the upper cylinder shaft and that by the horizontal bar l, swings the hanging bar e, which turns the transverse square shaft Y, Q and causes the bar u, to oscillate or swing from front to rear drawing the file bar and Qfile forward and backward alternately, as

At the same time the winch they are made to rise and fall by means of lows.

Figs. 9, 10, 1i, show the detail of the method of confining the circular segments of saws to be filed. Fig. 9, shows the detail of one of the metal plates Lwhich is fas# i ITO which thc halves of the movable plate are` connected. e, 7, is a spring which is fastened to the shaft and presses the movable plate against the saw H, and g /L are screw holes in both plates, the screws being made fast in the whole plate, and playing loose in the holes of the divided plate, the ob,- ject of the screwsbeing to keep the plates in their relative position with each other, and also to serve as guides by which to adjust the segmentsV to be filed, small quadrants being cut on the inner corners of the segments to tit the body of the screw. c', z',

i, 71, are holes in which pins are made fastV into one of the plates and enter into corresponding holes-in the other to aid in keeping saw plates steady. j, y', vare holes for two pins `that are fixed in one plate and pass through holes in the segment and enter into i corresponding holes in the other, for the same purpose. In Fig. 9, m, m, are two plugs that slide in the tubes Z, Z, in Fig.'10,

of which the ends are shown at K, K. TheV object of these is to press the plates apart when a segment is to be taken out 0r inserted which plates are pressed back again by the spring e, f.

-The same principle may be applied \o rounding and smoothing theV edges of the teeth of saws used in cotton gins by a modification of the machine already described which I will here suggest, and par-` ticularly describe to prevent any one from claiming the same as his own invention. The circles or selnicircular segments may be coniined and receive their motion in the same ora similar manner as before described, or the motion given to the saw may be continuous as by the useV of a single cog wheel andendless screw, as will be .seen by the annexed drawing. To smooth i the corners and points of the teeth let two les be used the sides of which have a more obtuse angle with each other than the pris matic three cornered file used `in `the tiling machine before described, for the purpose of preventing their sinking so deeply intothe spaces between theteeth, and to enable them to slide more readily laterally over the sides of the teeth smoothing and rounding their corners Vand points. If the saw be coniined in a vertical position as in the drawing, these two files are applied to the lower edge of the saw, each beingattached to file bars which are attached to rods hung Von moving joints like those in the `tiling machine already described, and which receive their vibrating or forward and backward motionof Athe machine.

in like manner. But in this form of the machine, the cams and gallows frame` will be unnecessary as thefiles operate both in their forward and backward motion. The files are so hung as to cross `each other that they may operateon opposite sides lof the saw,at such an angle as will allow the files to work into the spacesbetween the teeth and to act on theiredges. and points, and

are regulatedr in respect to the pressure with which they rest upon the saw plate by springs as will appear in the drawing. Besides the forwardand backward movement, the files have another motion parallel tothe plane of the saw and over the sides of the teeth, which motion is given themby the vibrating or oscillating movement of the rods suspended over and attached to the file bars, so that during their forward and backward motion, they pass over the sides of one or more teeth, being pressed into the spaces between the teeth by springs as before described, smoothing and rounding the points and corners of the teeth while the saw revolves slowly. N A

The motion given tothe saw may be continuous as is shownin the drawing,` or ini termittent as described in the filing machine.

But in .each case the saw plate should be so placedin the machine as that the tiles -in their forward motionshould pass from the point toward the root of the tooth, and the saw Vmade to revolve in the ldirectioniin which the teeth point.` If the intermittent motion'is given to the saw ,plate (which I` think is preferable) the forward motion of the iile should `be applied while the saw is at rest, and the backward motion while the' saw 'moves over the space of one tooth, so that in. all cases i'vliether the saw revolves in an intermittent or continuous motion, the

last actionfof the tile upon afiinished tooth should `be in the direction opposite to that in `which the toothV points,` because other-` wise the files wouldbeapt to turn `or bend `the point of the tooth `whichby the above described action of and rounded. i y

I will nowproceed to describe the modithe files is left smooth Yfication last referred to bygreferenceto the drawingsas in plate No.` 2. Fig.v l is a side elevation on the side `of Vthe winch. Fig. 2 is longitudinal section `on thewli'ne A, B, of Figs.` 4L and 5. Fig. 3 is an end Velevation showing therear of the machine.

Fig. 4L is an end elevation showing the front Fig. 5 is atop view. In all these several figures the parts represented bv the following letters and figures,` where `they are visible inthe respective i figures are as follows-f1 is the winch that turns the machine. `2 -is the crank on the sameend of the shaft.Y 3 is the shaft turned by the winch. t is the meter wheel on the shaft and 5 is the crank on the other end.`

6 is the other meter wheel which is turned by the wheel 1 and turns its own shaft and the endless screw 7; the endless screw 7, turns the cog wheel 8, and itsfshaft 9. Carrying with it the two metal plates 10, and 11, and the saw 12, 13, 14C, are the twol horizontal bars attached to the two cranks which swing the two perpendicular bars 15, 16, and turn the two square shafts 17, 1S, a few degrees backward and forward: the turning of the shafts causes the swinging bars 19, and 20, to oscillate from front to rear-these again by means of the two metal bars 21, 22, cause the other swinging bars 28, 24, to oscillate in the same manner pushing forward and drawing back alternately the file bars 25, 26, and the files 27, 28. 29 is a screw on the end of each file bar by which to fasten in the files.

Fig. 6 shows the detail of one of the metal plates and Fig. 8; the other, and Fig. 7 shows a profile of the plates and the saw adjusted for smoothing. In Fig. 8 a ZJ. is the line of division between the halves of the plate. c, d, are the hinges by which the two halves of the plate in Fig. 8 are connected. e f is a spring which is fastened to the shaft and presses the plate against the other. g lf, are screw holes in both plates the screws being made fast in the whole plate Fig. 6, and playing loose in the holes of the divided plate Fig. S. To permit these screws to pass'through when the segments of the saw are introduced, a corresponding quadrant is cut out of the two inner corners of each segment. t', t', ,71, are holes in which pins are made fast into one of the plates and enter into corresponding holes in the other to keep the saw plate steady. j, j, are holes for two pins that are fixed in the plate Fig. 8, and pass through the holes in the segments and enter into holes in plate for the same purpose. lc, le, Fig. 7, are two plugs that slide in the tubes Z, Z, and of which the ends are shown at la. These plugs and tubes are also shown in Figs. 4f, and 5, and are there marked K, K, the object of these is to press the plates apart when a segment is to be taken out and anew one put in. m, in F igp4, is a perpendicular lever having its fulcrum n in the front of the frame; by pressing the lower end of the lever toward the winch 1, when one of the plugs is opposite to the lever, the upper part bears against the plug 71:, and pushes it into the tube Z, and against the plate shown in, Fig. 8, and causes that half of the plate to open on the hinges c, CZ, so that the segment may be withdrawn and a new one inserted. The lever m in Fig. 4, is bent half over the shaft of the saw plate at the top so that the pressure may be applied to the plug 7c, when it reaches the vertical point in the revolution of the saw. This form is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 9, shows the details of the files, &c. a, a, is the upper file bar. Z), Z), is the lower file bar. f e, are the two files. g, h are the screws that fasten the tiles in their places. z', is a profile of the saw. j, 76, are the junction of the le bars with the rods by which they are suspended. Z m are springs that pass from one file bar to the other, pressing these files across each other so as to keep them hard against the teeth of the saw during the whole stroke. The action of these springs is regulated by a pin a, 0, which passes through both springs and confines the springs between the head a of the pin,"and the nut p, on the other end.

Vhat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- The machine above described consisting in a combination of the said several parts for giving a regularly intermitted. motion to the saw-plate, and for holding the same still and steady in the intervals of motion, and of the parts for filing the teeth.

ELEAZER CARVER. Witnesses:

CALEB J. HUNT, KILEA WILBAN, 

